Saturday, September 10, 2011

Ibsen's "A Doll House"

Plot
Exposition: Kristine Linde comes, Torvald's new job at bank, Dr. Rank comes, relationship dynamics
Complications: Loan, sickness, Torvald's power, letter in mailbox
Climax: Helmer reads letter
Resolution: Nora leaves behind Torvald and kids

Characters
Nora: protagonist and wife of Torvald Helmer. Nora initially seems like a playful, naïve child who lacks knowledge of the world outside her home. She does have some worldly experience, however, and the small acts of rebellion in which she engages indicate that she is not as innocent or happy as she appears. She comes to see her position in her marriage with increasing clarity and finds the strength to free herself from her oppressive situation.


Torvald: Nora’s husband. New position at bank, delights in authority as a husband. He treats Nora like a child, in a manner that is both kind and patronizing. He does not view Nora as an equal but rather as a plaything or doll to be teased and admired. In general, Torvald is overly concerned with his place and status in society, and he allows his emotions to be swayed heavily by the prospect of society’s respect and the fear of society’s scorn.


Krogstad: Holds a subordinate position at Torvald’s bank. Krogstad’s character is contradictory: though his bad deeds seem to stem from a desire to protect his children from scorn, he is perfectly willing to use unethical tactics to achieve his goals. His willingness to allow Nora to suffer is despicable, but his claims to feel sympathy for her and the hard circumstances of his own life compel us to sympathize with him to some degree.


Mrs. Linde: Nora’s childhood friend. Kristine Linde is a practical, down-to-earth woman, and her sensible worldview highlights Nora’s somewhat childlike outlook on life. Mrs. Linde’s account of her life of poverty underscores the privileged nature of the life that Nora leads. Mrs. Linde took responsibility for her sick parent.

Dr. Rank: Torvald’s best friend. Unconcerned with what others think of him. He is notable for his stoic acceptance of his fate. Unlike Torvald and Nora, Dr. Rank admits to the diseased nature (literally, in his case) of his life. For the most part, he avoids talking to Torvald about his imminent death out of respect for Torvald’s distaste for ugliness.


Bob, Emmy, Ivar: Nora and Torvald’s three children. In her brief interaction with her children, Nora shows herself to be a loving mother. When she later refuses to spend time with her children because she fears she may morally corrupt them, Nora acts on her belief that the quality of parenting strongly influences a child’s development.


Themes
Gender Conflict: Ibsen paints a bleak picture of the sacrificial role held by women of all economic classes in his society. In general, the play’s female characters exemplify Nora’s assertion that even though men refuse to sacrifice their integrity, “hundreds of thousands of women have." In order to support her mother and two brothers, Mrs. Linde found it necessary to abandon Krogstad, her true—but penniless—love, and marry a richer man. 


Parent/Child Relationships: Parent is obligated to be honest and upstanding, because a parent’s immorality is passed on to children like a disease. Dr. Rank has a disease that is the result of his father’s many affairs with women—led him to contract a venereal disease that he passed on to his son, causing Dr. Rank to suffer for his father’s misdeeds. Torvald voices the idea that one’s parents determine one’s moral character when he tells Nora, “Nearly all young criminals had lying -mothers.” He also refuses to allow Nora to interact with their children after he learns of her deceit, for fear that she will corrupt them.


Quotes
1. "One day I might, yes. Many years from now, when I’ve lost my looks a little. Don’t laugh. I mean, of course, a time will come when Torvald is not as devoted to me, not quite so happy when I dance for him, and dress for him, and play with him." 
Nora describes to Mrs. Linde the circumstances under which she would consider telling Torvald about the secret loan she took in order to save his life.


2. "Free. To be free, absolutely free. To spend time playing with the children. To have a clean, beautiful house, the way Torvald likes it."
Nora claims that she will be “free” after the New Year—after she has paid off her debt to Krogstad.

3. "Something glorious is going to happen."
Nora speaks these words to Mrs. Linde as she tells her about what will happen when Torvald reads Krogstad’s letter detailing Nora’s secret loan and forgery. She believes that when Torvald learns of the forgery and Krogstad’s blackmail, Torvald will take all the blame on himself and gloriously sacrifice his reputation in order to protect her. 


1 comment:

  1. I personally thought that Torvalds reaction was the complete opposite of what he had originally said to her on page 30. "Come what will, you may be sure I shall have both courage and strength if they be needed. You will see I am a man enough to take everything upon myself,"...." We will share it, Nora, as man and wife should." Torvald was pretty much telling her that whatever the issue may be he would handle it and take matters into his own hands, but then goes off to say that they would share the situation and deal with it together. When the time came to share the problem he just blamed her for it and was only thinking of himself and his reputation.

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